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Genetic factors in the etiology of sleep disorders
Dvořáková, Markéta ; Šolc, Roman (advisor) ; Červená, Kateřina (referee)
Sleep disorders are a group of disorders affecting a considerable part of proportion of the human population. Their aetiology is usually very complex and includes environmental and genetic factors. The nature of these disorders is often multifactorial. Sleep medicine and the field of synthesis of its findings with those of modern or classical genetics still offer quite a huge possibilities of research. However, despite many unresponsed questions, it is now possible to summarise the identified confirmed or suspected genes whose mutations are involved in the causes of these disorders. It is possible to estimate the heritability of certain disorders based on their multiple occurrence in families, presence in twins or prevalence in the population across different ethnics. This bachelor thesis focuses on genetic aspects in the etiology of sleep disorders, their heritability, the strength of the genetic component, and genetic links between some of the disorders.
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Characterization of the Hstx1 and Hstx2 hybrid sterility candidate genes
Kašíková, Lenka ; Jansa, Petr (advisor) ; Rothová, Olga (referee)
Speciation, the formation of new species, is an essential evolutionary process that causes species diversity on the Earth. At the beginning of this process is the separation of two populations by a reproductive barrier that prevents gene flow between these populations. One of the mechanisms, which enable reproductive isolation, is hybrid sterility (HS). It is a mechanism of postzygotic isolation that is described in a number of eukaryotes. The first discovered gene of hybrid sterility in vertebrates is the mice gene Hst1, later identified as gene Prdm9. By genetic and molecular analysis the locus on the X chromosome was determined, whose interaction with Prdm9 causes sterility or reduced fitness in male hybrids. This locus contains two genetic factors: Hstx1, causing an abnormal morphology of spermatozoa, and Hstx2, causing an arrest in spermatogenesis in pachytene spermatocytes and sterility. In my thesis I focus on the effect of deletion of a candidate hybrid sterility gene Fmr1nb on the X chromosome. The analysis of males B6N.Fmr1nbmut with deletion variants of the Fmr1nb gene showed that Fmr1nb is one of the factors influencing spermatogenesis. An increase in morphologic abnormalities in spermatozoa occurred in males with Fmr1nb gene deletion. This phenotype is identical with Hstx1. The effect...
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Genetické aspekty domestikačního znaku pukavosti lusku u hrachu
Čevelová, Lucie
The aim of this thesis is the study of the genetic substance of the important domestication sign pod dehiscence. Two types of pea were analyzed, with indehiscence pods JI92 (Pisum sativum subsp. sativum) and wild field pea with dehiscent pods JI64. (Pisum sativum subsp. elatius). By reciprocal crossbreeding of these two lines, were created recombinant inbred lines (RILs), of a total of 134 RILs lines were selected with 9 contrast lines. We utilized the massive parallel sequencing of the 3'ends of the cDNA, obtained by reverse transcription of mRNA isolated from the seam. Thanks to this method, 3 candidate genes were generated. Subsequently, we determined the expression of these three candidate genes for the using quantitative Real-Time PCR (RT-qPCR). Amplification curves and Ct values generated from the RT-qPCR were subsequently used to generate graphs to show the degree of expression of the candidate genes. The most suitable candidate was the Ps15 gene, which is present in LGIII in the Dpo1 region, and therefore could be responsible for pod dehiscence.
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Aktuální molekulární polymorfizmy genů a molekulární metody analýzy kvality masa u masných plemen skotu
Venusová, Eva
Due to increasing demand for quality from costumers also grows up demand for superior meat. On meat quality takes part great number of genes together with outer environment. Thus, goal of my bachelors thesis is to describe polymorphisms and candidate genes associated with cattle focused for meat yield. In this thesis are described candidate genes for marbling in which belongs genes DGAT1, thyroglobulin and leptin where have been proofed an influence on amount of intramuscular fat in meat. In scope of meat tenderness were further described genes CAST and CAPN1. Other genes associated with on growth of muscle fibers and muscle amount of cattle are of MYOD family, IGF family and gene MSTN. In terms of the topic of bachelors thesis are also mentioned molecular methods analyses and selection methods which serves for detection of suitable candidate genes and their polymorphisms influencing quality of cattle meat.
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Characterization of the Hstx1 and Hstx2 hybrid sterility candidate genes
Kašíková, Lenka ; Jansa, Petr (advisor) ; Rothová, Olga (referee)
Speciation, the formation of new species, is an essential evolutionary process that causes species diversity on the Earth. At the beginning of this process is the separation of two populations by a reproductive barrier that prevents gene flow between these populations. One of the mechanisms, which enable reproductive isolation, is hybrid sterility (HS). It is a mechanism of postzygotic isolation that is described in a number of eukaryotes. The first discovered gene of hybrid sterility in vertebrates is the mice gene Hst1, later identified as gene Prdm9. By genetic and molecular analysis the locus on the X chromosome was determined, whose interaction with Prdm9 causes sterility or reduced fitness in male hybrids. This locus contains two genetic factors: Hstx1, causing an abnormal morphology of spermatozoa, and Hstx2, causing an arrest in spermatogenesis in pachytene spermatocytes and sterility. In my thesis I focus on the effect of deletion of a candidate hybrid sterility gene Fmr1nb on the X chromosome. The analysis of males B6N.Fmr1nbmut with deletion variants of the Fmr1nb gene showed that Fmr1nb is one of the factors influencing spermatogenesis. An increase in morphologic abnormalities in spermatozoa occurred in males with Fmr1nb gene deletion. This phenotype is identical with Hstx1. The effect...
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Analýza genové exprese během vývoje plodů planého a kulturního hrachu
Hamplová, Denisa
The main focus of this thesis has been to study of domestication traits. Identification of genes of domestication traits has a huge potencial for plant breeding. The experimental part has been devoted to the study of pod dehiscence as a domestication trait in pea (Pisum sativum L.). The goal of this work has been to evaluate the expression of candidate genes of pod dehiscence in pea (Pisum sativum L.). For this experiment was used JI64 line pea (Pisum sativum ssp. elatius L.) and JI92 (Afghan cultural type of pea Pisum sativum ssp. sativum L.) and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) arising from reciprocal crossing. Using the method of qRT-PCR (Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR) have been analyzed candidate genes IDEH, SHAT, bZIP, SPT, NAC and compared with the expression of the reporter gene tubulin.
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Composition of selected fatty acids in milk fat of cows and goats
KALA, Robert
Milk fat is the recipient of numerous functions. It affects the biological, chemical, sensory and technological properties of milk. The Czech Republic is consumed and processed, especially cows, goats and ewes milk. The aim was to focus on the description of selected fatty acids in milk fat of dairy cows and goats because of their importance to human health and the factors that influence their composition. The results show that the content of short-chain fatty acids was compared to dairy cows higher in goat breeds. It was also found that the proportion of saturated fatty acids was influenced mainly breed and individuality, while the composition of unsaturated fatty acids was affected more nutrition and feeding. The work describes the biological factors such as breed, individuality, parity and stage of lactation, of the external factors described nutrition and feeding. Chapter biological factors mainly deals with the influence of genetics and contains a description of selected candidate genes affecting milk fat and fatty acids.
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